Research Guides
From first principles to protocol design. Everything you need to understand the stack.
Beginner's Guide to Research Peptides
Research peptides explained from first principles: what they are, how lyophilization works, peptide classes, and the compound landscape for new researchers.
GLP-1 vs GLP-2 vs GLP-3: The Complete Comparison
Three GLP receptor pathways, three distinct mechanisms. Here is the complete breakdown of GLP-1, GLP-2, and GLP-3 biology and how each research compound engages it.
Designing a Peptide Research Protocol: Layer-by-Layer
Layer-by-layer protocol design for multi-compound peptide research. Rationale for each layer, compound selection, and how the pathways interact.
Retatrutide: The Triple-Receptor Research Compound
Retatrutide produces the strongest Phase 2 weight signal in current literature — a breakdown of the receptor architecture, dose-response data, and how researchers stage it.
Tirzepatide: Dual Incretin Research Compound
The dual-incretin research compound behind the SURMOUNT-1 trial. Mechanism, trial data, titration rhythm, and where tirzepatide sits between semaglutide and retatrutide.
Semaglutide: The Mono-Receptor GLP-1 Reference
Semaglutide is the mono-receptor GLP-1 reference compound — the baseline every dual and triple agonist is measured against. Here is why.
BPC-157: Pentadecapeptide Research Overview
BPC-157 is one of the most-studied research peptides outside the GLP class. A grounded look at the Sikiric literature, the mechanism, and the tissue systems researched.
GHK-Cu: The Copper Tripeptide Research Compound
GHK-Cu is one of the most studied copper peptides — three amino acids, one copper ion, and a surprisingly broad gene expression profile. Here is the research picture.
SNAP-8: SNARE Complex Research Peptide
SNAP-8 targets the same SNARE complex that botulinum toxin acts on — through a completely different mechanism. A look at the octapeptide and its research.
CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin: The GH Pulse Stack
CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin engage the GH axis through two different receptors. Here is why they are almost always studied together rather than alone.
IGF-1 LR3: The IGFBP-Resistant Research Analog
IGF-1 LR3 solves the native IGF-1 binding problem through a 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension. Here is why that matters for research.
TB-500: Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment Research
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 with a specific role in actin dynamics. The research profile spans multiple tissue systems.
Epithalon: Telomere-Associated Longevity Research
Epithalon is the most studied compound to emerge from the Khavinson laboratory. A look at the telomerase research, the pineal context, and how modern protocols frame it.
HGH Fragment 176-191: Lipolytic Research Peptide
The C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone retains lipolytic activity without the full GH effects on IGF-1 or insulin. Here is why researchers care.
MGF: Mechano Growth Factor Research Overview
MGF is the IGF-1 splice variant muscle produces in response to mechanical loading. Here is why it operates on a different research timescale than standard IGF-1.
Semax: Russian Heptapeptide Research Overview
Semax is a synthetic ACTH fragment from Russian neurological research. A look at the sequence, the neurotrophic findings, and modern protocol use.
Humanin: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Research
Humanin was the first mitochondrial-derived peptide discovered — encoded inside the mitochondrial genome itself. A look at the signaling and the research landscape.
Liraglutide: The First-Generation GLP-1 Reference
Liraglutide is the GLP-1 analog semaglutide iterated on. Understanding liraglutide clarifies why the C18 → C16 change mattered and how the class evolved.
Exenatide: The Original GLP-1 Agonist Research Compound
Before liraglutide, before semaglutide, there was exenatide — a peptide isolated from Gila monster venom that opened the entire GLP-1 research field.
Pramlintide: The Amylin Analog Research Peptide
Native human amylin forms fibrils — a pharmacology dead-end. Pramlintide solves the aggregation problem with three proline substitutions. Here is the story.
Kisspeptin-54: HPG Axis Research Peptide
Kisspeptin is the upstream regulator of GnRH secretion — the gatekeeper of reproductive endocrine biology. A look at the 54-form and its research role.
Angiotensin(1-7): The Counter-Regulatory RAS Peptide
The renin-angiotensin system has two arms. Most of the textbook biology covers the vasoconstrictor arm. Angiotensin(1-7) is the counter-regulatory one — and it is its own research field.
Orexin-A: Hypocretin System Research Peptide
Orexin-A is the wakefulness-driving neuropeptide whose absence causes narcolepsy. A look at the hypocretin system and its research applications.